MBA BMG843 Business Project -important elements of the final report

MBA || BMG843 || Business Project

Aims of the Session

• To introduce the Module
• To highlight important elements of the final report
• To review the assessment criteria
• Engagement Monitoring Requirements (Mark McCrory)
• Developing a Project Storyline

Writing: Delaying Factors

How to Avoid Procrastination

Key areas:

Planning

When to write

Developing your own writing habits

Monitoring your progress

Structuring Your Report

Title Page

Declaration/ Disclaimer

Research Ethics Declaration (form as appendix)

Acknowledgements

Abstract

Table of contents

List of tables

List of figures

List of appendices – only include material that will add value

Structuring Your Report

1. Introduction
2. Literature review
3. Research methodology
4. Findings/ results
5. Analysis/ discussion
6. Conclusions – evidence based vs. opinion
7. Recommendations
8. Reflection on personal learning (not included in word count)

References – sources cited in the text

Appendices

Writing the Abstract

This research examines…

The study is important because…

Data for this study were gathered in the following ways(s)…

The findings suggest that…

The main conclusions from the study are…

The main recommendations arising from this report are…

Key Sections

Introduction Suggested word length: 1000

Introduce your topic and outline its significance

Explain the research objectives, aims, research questions

Brief overview of the report, e.g. chapters

Literature review Suggested word length: 3000

How does your research build on the existing body of knowledge

Defining your topic

Organisation: thematic, chronological

How does the literature link to your research questions

Evaluation of the literature

Contribution of your study – what gap will you address?

Key Sections

Research methodology Suggested word length: 2000

How you conducted your investigation

Describe procedures used to gather, record and analyse data

Ethical issues

Strengths/ weaknesses

Findings/ results Suggested word length: 2500

Describe the facts

Tables

Analysis

Interpretation of the data

Research Outcomes Spectrum

Analysis:

Discussion and interpretation

Answering the ‘so what’ questions – linkages to the research questions

Explanation and understanding are key: a critical approach

Key Sections

Conclusions Suggested word length: 500

Summarise main issues

Refer to the aims, objectives, questions

Outline the implications for research and practice

Areas for future research

Recommendations Suggested word length: 1000

Key areas for action

What should happen next

Conclusion:

What were your main findings and how do they relate to the literature and theories?

What was surprising in what you found and how does the literature help your understanding of what may be happening? What issues arise that are not reflected in the literature?

What are the implications of what you have found for the study of Management, Management practice and practitioners?

□ Taking your research as a whole, what is the ‘big thing’ that emerges from the findings? Highlight the added value of your project – end

strongly and with confidence!

Example of a Table Format

Key Sections

References

Follow the UBS guide

Consistency is vital

Avoid too many direct quotes - paraphrase

Turnitin – assess before final submission

Appendices

Copies of research instruments, other relevant material

Effective Writing

Write clearly and simply

Avoid using too many direct quotations

Avoid using slang and abbreviations

Use a new paragraph for each new idea

Avoid repetition

Avoid discriminatory/ offensive language

Be consistent with person and tense

Write in the third person using the passive voice: ‘the research was undertaken………. An interview agenda was devised…’

Writing Tips

Write as you go along - don’t leave it all to the end

Writing and rewriting will enable you to clarify your ideas

Plan your writing before you begin

Spell check and grammar check your finished report

Avoid Plagiarism

Ask someone to read the report

Assessment Criteria

General guidance:

Refer to module handbook

Familiarise yourself with the marking scheme – within the module handbook

word count (10,000 words)

□ Style – academic writing, emotionally neutral, third person, passive voice, objective

The Evolution of Language Teaching: From Audiolingual Methods to Learner-Centred Communicative Approaches | 400 essay

The nature of approaches and methods in language teaching 

Keywords:

language teaching approaches, teaching methods, audiolingual method, communicative language teaching, conceptualization of approaches methods and techniques, evolution of language teaching, learner-centered teaching.

language teaching approaches, teaching methods, audiolingual method, communicative language teaching, conceptualization of approaches methods and techniques, evolution of language teaching, learner-centered teaching.

An approach is a series of correlated assumptions concerning the nature of language acquisition. The method is an overarching strategy for the orderly display of linguistic material which does not contradict the approach chosen and is all based on. A technology that takes place in a classroom is implementation. Techniques should be method-compatible and therefore in line with an approach. From the 1970s through the 1980s, language learning changed significantly. The search for new techniques and methodologies based on grammar led to numerous distinct routes. The rising interest in communication approaches to language education was adopted by mainstream language teaching. The communication movement attempted to shift the focus from grammar as the key component of language to a different perspective of language, language acquisition, teacher and student, focusing on linguistic transmission and turning the classroom into a real communication setting. Part III discusses this "communicative movement" and associated techniques. However, at this era there were also various directions for language instruction. 

Whereas audio language and instruction were mainstream teaching techniques that were designed by linguists and applied linguists, the approaches and approaches mentioned in this section were established outside the field of mainstream language education. In the former scenario, the revolutionary approaches from the 1970s, such as Total Physical Reply, Silent Way, Consulting Learning, , Neurological Programming and Multiple Intelligences are used. These approaches are developed rather than based on the philosophy of language and the research and theory in applied linguistics. Another approach, known as the Audiolingual Method, provided a proposition substantially distinct from those previously in force (MA). 

As an alternative rapid learning option for troops, and aimed at teaching the foreign language through conversation and repetition activities, with little or no instructor explanation, aiming at a skill close to that of a native. This approach was founded on Skinner's theory of behaviour, in which learning is the acquisition of new behaviour and these behavioural stimuli are strengthened by strengthening the desired behaviour’s techniques are created around distinct conceptions of learners, sometimes theory of a single theorist or educator rather than starting from the theory of language or depending on research and theory in applied linguistics. Consequently, these approaches are relatively undeveloped in the realm of language theory, which typically distinguishes them from theory found in second-language learning literature. 

Therefore, linguistic practice at the time concentrated nearly solely on second language acquisition (ASL), interpreted like any other foreign and second language. From then on, instructional techniques are applied and approaches are more detailed. Consequently, we offer an overview of some techniques below, which will then assess if a multiliteracy discipline practice is viable or not.

Explore the concept of social grouping and its relevance to the family

HIS 102 ASSIGNMENT
Summer Semester: 2021
Assignment On
Social Grouping “Family”
Department of History and Philosophy

Industry Analysis: Power Industry of Bangladesh

Industry Analysis: Power Industry of Bangladesh

keywords : Power industry Bangladesh ,Energy sector analysis, Bangladesh electricity market, Power generation trends, Renewable energy in Bangladesh, Challenges in power industry, Investment opportunities power sector, Energy infrastructure Bangladesh, Government policies energy sector, Future prospects power industry, Discover the current state and future prospects of the power industry in Bangladesh with our in-depth industry analysis. Explore key trends, challenges, and opportunities shaping the energy sector.

Introduction

Today, the power sector's greatest issue is providing reliable primary energy at cheap rates and funding the business. Despite the fact that gas still accounts for 72 percent of the country's power output, the government has increased its use of fuel oil. First brought to light in 2006 was the gas shortage issue. There has been a 30 percent rise in oil-based electricity generation since then A major economic risk is posed by the unpredictable worldwide fuel oil market (Jamal and Ongsakul, 2012). This is a risk that the government is fully aware of. They are thus seeking to develop a huge number of coal-fired power plants that are cost-effective, although they have had limited success thus far. The absence of communication infrastructure and ports with the benefit of coal imports is a major factor in this. According to the administration, Payra and Matarbari projects would have their own infrastructure. A comprehensive financial agreement has not yet been reached, and building has not advanced substantially. A number of difficulties also face Rampal Power Plant. Recently, the country's energy industry has seen unparalleled prosperity. From 2009 to 2020, or 11 years, much of this progress occurred. By 2021, just 12 percent of the population will have access to electricity, compared to the 47 percent who had access to power throughout the 39 years of independence.  

The Organization Profile DPDC

Dhaka Electricity Distribution Company Limited (DPDC) is the country's major power distribution firm. It has worked relentlessly for the country's growth and consumer happiness since its establishment. Already, the firm has claimed that it is capable of providing excellent customer service. As of now, Dhaka does not have a lack of electricity, but the supply is enough(Ahmed, Galib, Asadulla Hil and Saha, 2019).

Figure 1 The position of DPDC in power sectors

Figure 2 DPDC organogram

Overview of DPDC

Vision

Through dependable electricity supply in Dhaka city and the Narayanganj area, the government will fulfil its economic, social, and human development goals(Ahmed, 2011). 

Mission

⦁    Delivery of quality power with excellent customer service 

⦁    Power supply based on the geographical region served by DPDC

⦁    Achieving self-sufficiency and profitability by growing revenue and lowering costs.

 

Figure 2 DPDC organogram

Primary energy shortage is one of the key issues of Bangladesh's fast and extensive industrialization. For short-, medium-, and long-term solutions,Bangladesh must rely on imported energy owing to the uncertainties surrounding alternative fuels. 

Financial Analysis

Figure 3 Financial Analysis of DPDC Source: 

 

90 percent of the entire gasoline used in Bangladesh by 2030, according to (Gupta, Sabuj Das, Ferdous and Saleque, 2012), will be imported. Bangladesh must provide a substantial sum of money to this effort. In recent years, the country's electricity industry, on the other hand, has experienced extraordinary success. The majority of this progress occurred between 2009 and 2020, or in just 11 years. Of those who had power during the 39 years of independence (1981-2009), just 12 percent will have it by 2021. (2009-2021). In addition, a key constitutional commitment is being fulfilled. In the 1972 constitution of Bangladesh, it is stated that all citizens of the nation should have access to electricity (Ahmed, Galib, Asadulla Hil and Saha, 2019).

SWOT Analysis of DPDC Bangladesh

Additionally, the diagnosis pointed to a deterioration of energy security. This is due to insufficient oil and gas production, as well as an increase in the importation of gas, gasoline, diesel, and petrochemicals, which has led to a steady decline in the balance of commercial hydrocarbons. Petrochemicals and gasoline are increasingly purchased from outside due to the country's limited refining capacity and better unit profitability. Insufficiencies in hydrocarbon and petrochemical transportation It was found in these analyses that DPDC's fiscal system, which ceased to exist at that time, was a hindrance to its growth. It was noted by the Executing Power that the DPDC regime was complex and inflexible and that, in addition to posing administrative challenges, it failed to take into account the company's operating realities. However, even DPDC had to go into debt to pay their taxes because of the approvals and rights the pastoral was obligated to pay. the fact that DPDC would have to be saved if the tax system was added to the labour responsibility and the resulting lack of investment There was a general consensus that oil revenues were extremely dependent on the import. As one of the primary causes of the aforementioned scenario, the, the, and the parliament itself cited the country's heavy dependency on oil income. DPDC was obliged to raise its hydrocarbon extraction rate in order to meet tax revenue obligations, and its investment had to match the Treasury's expectations, not their own. Diagnoses made during the constitutional reform process brought to light the condition in the power industry. 

Strengths

⦁ Tax concessions and incentives for foreign investors have been proposed as part of the government's efforts to encourage investment in power plants.
⦁ Investors will be exempt from corporate income tax for 15 years.
⦁ These companies may also import machinery and equipment, as well as replacement parts, up to a maximum of ten percent (10%) of its original worth, for a duration of 12 years, without having to pay customs taxes.
⦁ Royalties, technical know-how, and technical help fees will be free from taxation for foreign investors. 
⦁ Exempted from paying tax on foreign loans are foreign investors. 
⦁ Capital gains from the transfer of shares by the investing firm are likewise tax-free for them.
⦁ The strong demand for electricity in Bangladesh is the industry's greatest asset. 

Weaknesses

⦁    The amount of natural gas available to consumers decreases. Natural Gas, coal, and any other fossil fuels are available in very small quantities on the national grid and are not sufficient for supplying the forthcoming gas-based power plants.

⦁    Because even a modest power plant requires a large investment to set up and operate, it is a capital-intensive business. 

⦁    An inadequate and badly maintained energy infrastructure is a major problem for the DPDC. Infrastructure improvements are also non-existent. 

⦁    There is no way that a government can meet its aim of producing more power in the near future with this sort of infrastructure.

⦁    Those that use energy through these unlawful connections do not have to pay a single bill for their use of electricity. 

⦁    Since the government does not get paid for using electric power, it is considered a waste. This is a non-technical loss of system functionality. 

⦁    Most of the electricity costs levied on easy bikes and autorickshaws in our nation are unlawful. This loss or theft is the country's responsibility.

⦁    All power plants have delays in completing projects. The project's completion date has passed, but it has not yet been completed. 

⦁    There is a problem in generation and distribution of electricity as a result of this delay.

Opportunities

⦁    Work is also underway to build the country's first underground substation at Kawran Bazar in Dhaka and transform the existing power distribution network in several areas.

⦁    The government is trying to into a smart grid to ensure uninterrupted power supply and reduce technical losses.

⦁    In order to encourage domestic and foreign investment, initiatives have been taken to ensure uninterrupted power supply through construction of dual source and sub-stations at industrial hubs in Narayanganj.

⦁    DPDC has already implemented Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the power distribution system to the customer. 

⦁    To maintain energy security and establish a sustainable energy supply system in the country, it is intended to cut energy usage by 20 percent by 2030. 

⦁    For energy security, the government has made measures to reduce its reliance on gas as the main fuel for electricity generation while steadily diversifying energy sources. 

⦁    To import power from Nepal, a memorandum of agreement has been reached. As a result of this, the door to mutual collaboration between the two countries was opened. It has already been agreed to import 500 MW of power from GMR's hydroelectric facility. 

⦁    This was owing to the fiscal system adopted by Parliament, which was intended to enhance the finances of all three branches of government. 

⦁    The government was obliged to delay or cancel infrastructure projects. 

⦁    Energy efficiency and renewable energy alternatives may be used to expand power capacity in a cost-effective manner, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions while creating employment and improving human health by reducing air pollution. 

⦁    This is according to a report from the Global Partnership on Low Emission Strategies (LEDS GP), based on an in-depth review of models.

Threats

⦁    An uncertain scenario has recently developed due to Europe's economic crisis and the Middle East's political turmoil. 

⦁    An increase in worldwide oil prices will be a boon to Bangladesh's power industry, as oil is one the primary raw materials for power plants.

⦁    In terms of political influence, the electricity business is in for a big treat. Bangladesh's bidding process for tenders and Concern Company's selection process are both influenced by politics. 

⦁    Due to political interference, donor agencies withdraw their donations for certain projects. Because of this political influence, some donors withdraw their donations even in the last stages of the selection.

⦁    Oil or coal-based power plants constitute the majority in Bangladesh, despite Bangladesh's limited offshore and onshore reserves of oil and coal. 

⦁    Bangladesh's power plants are unable to run on oil and coal from this little resource. An oil and coal power plant shortage due to this limited reserve might occur.

⦁    Power plants for factories are sometimes built by large enterprises or businesses. Government power supply is inadequate, so they create their own mini-power plants. 

⦁    Power producers in the nation might benefit from this trend.

Five Forces Model DPDC

Figure 4 Five force Model Criteria

 

Porter's five forces model is a market analysis technique that takes into account the five dimensions on which the company DPDC can act in order to optimize its competitive advantage: rivalry among competitors; the threat of new entrants; the threat of substitute products; the bargaining power of clients; the bargaining power of suppliers, to which is often added the role of the State (standards, laws). It is used in terms of strategic analysis and to determine the axes of innovation.

DPDC charges based on consumption and has a customized connection mechanism. So, for example, they provide one type of connection for the industry, while providing another type of connection for residents and those living in luxury apartments. Place to place, the amount of power provided varies as well (Ali and Islam, Md Rakibul, 2018). There are some areas in Dhaka where they must maintain a constant level of power. A high rate has also been charged for Industry usages. On the other hand, residents were charged a lower cost. As the circumstance changes, so too are customers' attitudes. In the case of power generation, the current policy of the government is to produce low cost electricity. To produce more expensive electricity. The power sector is heading for an unbearably dangerous financial situation due to non-compliance with the austerity policy. It has been proposed to increase the price of electricity to meet this obligation.

The threat of new entrants on the market: all the means used by competitors make entry more difficult for a new company is very low in this case so DPDC has competitive advantages in this regard; The bargaining power of suppliers: DPDC’s Suppliers' capacity to impose their terms on a market, whether in terms of cost, quality, or time, has a direct impact on the space for maneuvering and profitability of the enterprises involved. In this regard the bargaining power of suppliers is high. Ffurnace oil is used as a fuel for power generation. PDB compulsorily buys this furnace oil from the government company BPC (Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation) at Rs 42 per litter. As a result, the price of electricity produced by PDB from Furnace Oil falls to Tk 12 per unit. The price of this oil in the international market has come down a long time ago. The Bangladesh government has not adjusted the price of this oil. As a result, PDB has to buy this furnace oil at the rate of Tk 42 per litter. There is no way out for the PDB. But the government rentals in the private sector, buying electricity from quick rentals or other power plants has allowed them to buy furnace oil at market prices.   

The negotiating power of clients: The major customer impact in the market is demonstrated by its capacity to bargain; its effect on the pricing and selling circumstances (payment terms, related services) influences the market profitability; In this case DPDC has very highly competitive advantages as the bargaining power of the consumer is very low. 

Substitute Products: The replacement products do not form part of the market, but are an alternative to an offer which may be quite attractive. 

The rivalry of current competitors: Concentration, competitive diversity and power balance might be easily reversed between firms. Competitors must fight to expand their position within the sector or just to retain it.

Financial performance analysis 

DPDC had always been able to reach all of its yearly performance goals, but this year, because to Covid-19, it was unable to meet some goals. Even during the lockdown/corona period, meter reading, power bill distribution, and postpaid customer collecting activities have been significantly affected. Other project goals were not met on time. The DPDC's after-tax profit for the 2019-20 financial year is Tk 113.7 crore, which is Tk 72.7 crore less than the previous year. Due to Covid-19, this year's power usage was lower than last year's, resulting in lower power sales. A decrease in power usage owing to Covid-19 has resulted in a reduction in power sales of Tk 128 crore. Due to a rise in operating expenditures and a drop in non-operating revenue, post-tax earnings have also decreased from the previous fiscal year (Deeba, Shohana Rahman, 2013). No dividend was recommended for the 2019-20 fiscal year due to the impact of Covid-19 and lockdown, cumulative losses, self-financed initiatives, etc. The G2G project, which aims to extend and reinforce the DPDC's power distribution infrastructure, is presently in full swing. Once implemented, the distribution system for the territories covered will undergo a radical transformation (Ahmed, Galib, Asadulla Hil and Saha, 2019). To extend and enhance the electricity distribution infrastructure in the DPDC area, the G2G project is now under way. Successful completion of this project will result in a revolution in the distribution system in the DPDC service regions. The construction of substations utilizing gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) technology maximizes land usage. We at DPDC are dedicated to using ICT to ensure openness and accountability. Software and apps that DPDC has created include Accounting, Asset Management, Human Resources (HR), a mobile application (app), training and auditing software for workshops, and a case management system, among others. This is a project that DPDC is working on. A national integrity strategy guides the work of the DPDC (Basak, Hussain and Azad, 2010). All types of corruption have been stopped with great success. The Power Department awarded DPDC's Managing Director, Engineer Bikash Dewan, the Integrity Award for the financial year 2019-20. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and a paperless office are being implemented as part of DPDC's transition to an international standard organization (Higano, Yabar and Kamrul, 2012).

Recommendation

⦁    It is necessary for the government to upgrade the distribution and transmission network of the electric power grid as a result, the country's distribution and transmission processes are optimised (Bakhtiar, 2012). 

⦁    In order to do this, electricity producers must engage in an open and transparent tendering and selection process. Donor agencies make loans to non-profit organisations.  The government of Bangladesh should guarantee that there is an adequate supply of gas and oil for the power plants. 

⦁    Boost the number of plants to increase productivity. It is recommended that the government get into joint ventures with the Indian government and other international investors(Ali and Islam, Md Rakibul, 2018). 

⦁    The government of Bangladesh should attract international investors by offering additional incentives for them to invest in Bangladesh. Incentives are enticing. In order to increase output, the sector needs more private investors to step in. 

⦁    Gigantic, privately owned this is an industry that should be explored by business groupings. Maintaining and repairing existing power plants is vital. Increase the production of goods and services.  Other power producers, other than BPDB, should be more involved and expand their participation in the process (Gupta, Sabuj Das, Ferdous and Saleque, 2012). 

⦁    BPDB will be less dependent on production as a result of this. There are several ways in which the Bangladeshi government may enhance the country's energy infrastructure. Imports of around 9,000 megawatts (MW) of power from neighbouring countries are planned as part of the long-term master plan for power generation through regional and sub-regional cooperation activities (Deeba, Shohana Rahman, 2013). 

⦁    In the legal framework in place at the time of the discussion, private energy generation in modes that were not deemed public services, as well as in locations with a strong potential for renewable energies, was not taken into consideration as in the case of DPDC, the parliament has a similar role to play (Gupta, Sabuj Das, Ferdous and Saleque, 2012).

⦁    About 35% of the customers have already been covered under the prepayment metering system for the purpose of using affordable electricity and paying electricity bills easily. At present, work is underway to bring the remaining customers to smart pre-paid meters through.

Conclusion

Power sector growth in Bangladesh is regarded to have reached its first major milestone with the construction of Kaptai Dam and the commissioning of Dhaka-Chittagong Transmission Line. From 1982 to 1991-92, Bangladesh's electricity generation capacity was 2350 megawatts (MW). Because the Bangladesh Power Development Board had a weak transmission and distribution infrastructure, the Bangladesh government split the two systems on November 21, 1996, and established Power Grid Company of Bangladesh. the power grid company of Bangladesh took over the 230 kV transmission line in 1996, when it had a total length of 636 circuit kilometers. 230 kV transmission line had a total length of 636 circuit kilometers and 132 kV transmission line had a total length of 4655 circuit kilometers when the Power Grid Company of Bangladesh took control in 1996. In Bangladesh, the rate of total power sector development slowed dramatically towards the dawn of the 21st century.

Reference list

1. Ahmed, G., Asadulla, H., and Saha, P. (2019). Micro Wind Turbine as an Alternative Power Source in Bangladesh. International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry 4.0 (STI) IEEE, 1-4.
2. Ahmed, Z. (2011). Electricity crisis of Bangladesh: result of organizational inefficiency? Energy and Environment Research, 1(1), 12.
3. Ali, M., Islam, J., Rakibul, M. (2018). Analysis and Finding Problem Solar Rooftop System (SRS) Under Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) of Bangladesh.
4. Bacon, R., and Jones, J. (2021). Global electric power reform, privatization, and liberalization of the electric power industry in developing countries. Annual review of energy and the environment, 26(1), 331–359.
5. Bakhtiar, M. (2012). Industry analysis: power industry of Bangladesh.
6. Basak, C., Hussain, C., and Azad, A. (2010). A New Approach to Improve the Reliability of DPDC SCADA Communication Systems. Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, 4(7).
7. Deeba, P., Shohana, K., and Rahman, T. (2013). Impact of Integrating Tidal Power Generation on the Reliability of Bangladesh Power System. International Journal of Energy and Power, 2(2), 38–43.
8. Ferdushi, J., Kanis, F., Kamil, A., Ahmed, S., and Kawsar, L. (2020). The Measures of Efficiency of Power Generation Plants in Sylhet of Bangladesh. International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, 4(2), 20-21.
9. Gupta, P., Sabuj D., Ferdous, S., and Saleque, A. (2012). Bangladesh Power Sector Reform and Multidimensional Reflections. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 3(2), 77–104.
10. Higano, Y., Yabar, H., and Kamrul, M. (2012). Introducing SocioEnvironmental Management Policy Guidelines for the Financing of Electric Power Projects in Bangladesh. In: Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society. Springer, 936–941.
11. Hosen, M., and Islam, M. (2018). Study and Analysis of Solar Rooftop System Under Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) of Bangladesh.
12. Jamal, T., and Ongsakul, W. (2012). Smart Grid in Bangladesh power distribution system: Progress & prospects. In: 2012 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems. IEEE, 1–5.
13. Jamal, T., Ongsakul, W., Lipu, M., Hossain, S., and Islam, M. (2014). An Approach to Integrate Geographic Information Systems to the proposed Smart Grid for Dhaka, Bangladesh. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 124–129.
14. Mondal, P., Hossain, A., Boie, W., and Denich, M. (2010). Future demand scenarios of Bangladesh power sector. Energy Policy, 38(11), 7416–7426.
15. Rahman, A., Aziz, T., and Deeba, S., (2021). A time of use tariff scheme for demand side management of residential energy consumers in Bangladesh. Energy Reports, 7, 3189–3198.
16. Raju, M., Hossain, B., and Asaduzzaman, A. (2017). The Impact of Dividend Policy on Stock Price: A Study of Fuel, Power and Cement Industry in Bangladesh. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(03), 84–91.
17. Sajib, K., Isjam, A., and Karim, S. (2019). Electrical Substation Maintenance and Protection Under Grid North2, DPDC.

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH ABSTRACT A GUIDE

HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH ABSTRACT

Research abstracts are used throughout the research community to provide a concise description about a research project. It is typically a short summary of your completed research. If done well, it makes the reader want to learn more about your research. Some students present their research findings at local and national conferences. Research abstracts are usually requested as part of the application process for conference presenters. These are the basic components of an abstract in any discipline:

1) Motivation/problem statement: Why do we care about the problem? What practical, scientific, theoretical or artistic gap is your research filling?

2) Methods/procedure/approach: What did you actually do to get your results? (e.g. analyzed 3 novels, completed a series of 5 oil paintings, interviewed 17 students)

3) Results/findings/product: As a result of completing the above procedure, what did you learn/invent/create?

4) Conclusion/implications: What are the larger implications of your findings, especially for the problem/gap identified in step 1?

However, it's important to note that the weight accorded to the different components can vary by discipline. For models, try to find abstracts of research that is similar to your research.

Qualities of a Good Abstract

Well developed paragraphs are unified, coherent, concise, and able to stand alone Uses an introduction/body/conclusion structure which presents the article, paper, or report's purpose, results, conclusions, and recommendations in that order

Follows strictly the chronology of the article, paper, or report

Provides logical connections (or transitions) between the information included Adds no new information, but simply summarizes the report

Is understandable to a wide audience

Oftentimes uses passive verbs to downplay the author and emphasize the information

Steps to Writing Effective Abstracts

Reread the article, paper, or report with the goal of abstracting in mind. Look specifically for these main parts of the article, paper, or report: purpose, methods, scope, results, conclusions, and recommendation. If you're writing an abstract about another person's article, paper, or report, the introduction and the summary are good places to begin. These areas generally cover what the article emphasizes. After you've finished rereading the article, paper, or report, write a rough draft without looking back at what you're abstracting. Don't merely copy key sentences from the article, paper, or report: you'll put in too much or too little information. Don't rely on the way material was phrased in the article, paper, or report: summarize information in a new way.

Don’ts

Do not commence with "this paper…”, "this report…" or similar. It is better to write about the research than about the paper.

Do not explain the sections or parts of the paper.

Avoid sentences that end in "…is described", "…is reported", "…is analyzed" or similar. Do not begin sentences with "it is suggested that…” "it is believed that…", "it is felt that…"or similar. In every case, the four words can be omitted without damaging the essential message.

Do not repeat or rephrase the title.

Do not refer in the abstract to information that is not in the document.

If possible, avoid trade names, acronyms, abbreviations, or symbols. You would need to explain them, and that takes too much room.

The abstract should be about the research, not about the act of writing.

Where to Find Examples of Abstracts:

The best source of example abstracts is journal articles. Go to the library and look at biology journals, or look at electronic journals on the web.

Read the abstract; read the article. Pick the best ones, the examples where the abstract makes the article easier to read, and figure out how they do it.

Not everyone writes good abstracts, even in refereed journals, but the more abstracts you read, the easier it is to spot the good ones.

The Benefits of Employee Training for Business Growth

 The Benefits of Employee Training for Business Growth

MN3041QA Development for Success in Business

MN3041QA

Development for Success in Business

Assignment 1: Report

Student name    

Student ID no.    

Lecturer    

EBSC marketing design and communication Assignment

EBSC marketing design and communication Assignment

MGT 611 – Assessment 1

MGT 611 – 

Assessment 1

Introduction

The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012 gave birth to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim was to create a collection of common goals that addressed the world's urgent environmental, political, and economic challenges. The focus of this study is on how the banking sector can sustain and survive in difficult times. As a result, to thrive in business, the banking industry must continually adapt its operations to the constantly changing environment. Several changes have occurred in the global economy, especially in the banking sector, particularly in the context of the covid pandemic Bank need plans that are based on their operations and cope with emerging environmental and market issues effectively to succeed in this competitive climate.

The aim of this study is to determine the UN Bank's responses in the face of increasing environmental changes. Therefore, the case is about introducing the new technology in the existing system of the bank which is mReader. This will be the effective way of the users to withdraw money from the bank without using a card especially in covid pandemic situation. So, the customers can withdraw the money without touching any surface which helps to prevent the spread of the virus because they just need to hold the card near the card reader which will be available in the ATM Machines. This idea comes into mind due to the spread of the virus and also mReader will be compatible to all smart phones to reach the target audience. As we know, all the customers are not able to buy expensive phones for instance, Apple. Hence, this app will be available in cheap phones as well. Also, to reduce the environmental issues it the best way to use the money without having any plastic card with the chip in the pocket. Moreover, the importance of the service becomes very evident as bank customers face problems like card cloning, card damaging, card expiring, card maintenance and so on. This document explains the brief, description, stakeholders involved, data collection strategies and appropriate functionality of the reader system. The proposed solution system will make use of banking application in the mobile phones for authentication purposes and to take control of the self-access to the ATM.

The Brief 

Problem of the project

It has already been discussed that the competition level for the banking companies have increased to a great extent. So there has been a big problem in front of the organisations like UN Bank in which they have to understand the changing dynamics of the market conditions and have to offer the products according to the needs of the market (Deloitte, 2021). The future competitiveness of the bank is dependent on how they are able to adapt the product and move according to the expectations of the market effect of the mindset of the people has developed a great extent towards corporate social responsibility is of the banking sector and it is one of the problem area which will be focused in the project. The entire discussion will be made on what kind of initiative could be taken by the banks to be able to deal with the problem areas.

Objective

The study's aim is to see how the UN Bank responded to shifting public needs and demands. Technological, economic, and social factors are the three types of factors. The UN Bank's second target is to see how it responded to changes in industry strength. The threat of entry, the threat of a replacement product, customer bargaining power, supplier bargaining power, and sustainable racial rivalry. Moreover, this study is to determine which strategies are being used by UN Bank to respond to competition in the banking industry. Hence, the main aim is the product should be compatible to each smart phone so that it could reach to the target audience.

 Objective of the project

The smart Framework is a very important tool which helps in giving a clear understanding about the objectives of the project (Bjerke & Renger, 2017). Some of the objectives in relation to the project are as follows:

• Specific The suggestion will be suggested to the bank so that it is able to make use of knowledge and environmentally sustainable products.
• Measurable The setting of the required KPI’s will be done the which will assist in the proper measurement of the products which have to be achieved by the company.
• Achievable It is also going to be completely achieved by the bank because they are having financial resources for supporting the transformation process.
• Relevant The end of the objectives of which are being the set and the suggestions which are given a completely relevant according to the business model of the bank and it will help it to become a more sustainable in the future.
• Time bound The suggestion will be provided to the bank so that they will be able to applied the recommendations within the time frame of next 12 months.

c. Target audience

 The different types of target audience for which the solution has been defined. This will majorly include the management people and the employees working at the organisation. A complete list will be presented at the time of the presentation of the solution. The changes have to be executed by the employees and the managers working at the different branches of the bank and it will involve a proper commitment of the top management of the bank. The suggestion will also be provided keeping it to mind the changing dynamics of the environmental conditions and the customers for which the bank is being operating and is focused on providing the best services. Not only the bank but this research can also be utilised by the other banking companies which are operating in the banking sector so that they can understand that how the need to make changes in their business model to be able to survive to the changing conditions. The bank is operating in the service sector and the future success of the bank will be dependent on the efficiency with which they are able to provide the services .So the target audiences will be mainly the people that will be working as the change mechanism for implementing the change process at the organisation and at the same time it will be implemented through the operation of the top management. They need to provide time to time training to the bank officials for implementing the new solutions.

d.  Critical success factors

 These can be defined as the important result areas and the activities which have to be completed for maintaining the highest standard of quality for achieving the goals of the organisation. The most important is success factor which is applied in this case is the ability of the banking sector to manage the different types of interest of the different stakeholders in relation to the entire industry and the organisation (Schubert, 2021). They have to understand the Expectations of the customers and have to manage their requirements. So the feedback from the customer can be one of the indicator which will help understanding that whether the solutions are working properly or not.

 Description of the project

The project is focused on understanding the existing problems faced by the banks and then suggest some of the solutions for which would the help them to deal with the issue at constant changes are taking place had they have to make the best use of the technology and at the same time have to be sustainable in the kind of the products of which they provide to the people.  There are different approaches the for the researcher and in this case the explanatory study will be chosen because it will help in finding answer to the question and the problem faced by the bank (Park Jeong-Soon, 2014). They will help in investigating the cause-and-effect relationship and will help in probably finding out the best solution for the bank (QuestionPro, 2021).  This method has been chosen because it will help in investigating the problem is not clearly defined under to get better understanding of the existing problem. The basic concept will start with the general idea and how it will help in a researcher to identify the issue and the focus will be made on the future research. There are different methods are which can be utilised in this case and most prominently the focus will be on making use of the secondary research methods. The attempt will be together information from the previously published primary research. So the focus will be to get information from the different sources like magazines, newspaper articles, journals. The effort will be put that the research will be collected from the authentic and the genuine website articles to get the required information. At the same time, the literature review will also be conducted of which is one of the inexpensive method of for discovering hypothesis and at the same time it will help in getting more information about the research which has been made previously. The attempt will also be made in the research to do the case study research. In this the evaluation of a different types of contributions that have been made by the other banks for the kind of Technologies which have been used by them so that they are able to become more sustainable. So collaboratively the research will collect the information from the different sources and will provide a directional for recommending a particular solution which could be used by the bank.

Interest of Key stakeholders

The representation of employees plays an important role to protect the interest of employees. The representative will address all of the employees' issues and concerns to UN’s bank management, as well as counsel board members of this bank about how to invest in employee benefit programs. Due to this, the bank can sustain for long term. The IT field employees can also address the card less withdrawal project through their programming skills and solve all customer (regardless of their age, culture, religion) issues in term of technology. The government will impose their rules and regulation on the IT project of United nation bank so banks have a need to meet the government policies. For example, most of the china’s country app’s cannot be access worldwide because it is the rule of china government that the app benefits can be enjoy by china people. This project will include every category (children adult, senior citizens) of clients of UN’s bank. All the clients who has the smart phones can get the benefit of card less withdrawal project. This will maintain equality among the clients of UN’s bank. For example, apple valet (in which clients scan their card) feature from the banks is only available for the clients who has apple phones which creates the inequality. Due to this the customer changing need will be met by bank. 

Data Collection Strategies 

The United Nation (UN) can use the below data collection strategies for achieving their goals like to reduce cope with the climate change and planet on the future of money. 

• Data collection strategies:
• Primary Data:  Original data that has been obtained specifically for the reason in mind is referred to as primary data. It means that the information was gathered directly from the initial source.
• Secondary Data: It refers to data that has already been compiled and analyzed by someone other than the client.
• Quantitative Data: There are data that deal with quantities, values, or numbers in order to make them quantifiable. As a result, they are often represented numerically, as in length, size, quantity, price, and even duration.
• Qualitative Data: These data, on the other hand, are descriptive rather than numerical in nature and deal with quality. They are usually not observable, unlike quantitative data, and are mostly gathered by observation

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION STRATEGIES:

Experiments, surveys, and observation or direct contact with stakeholders are all ways to gather primary data by the banks to make the money good for everyone in future while conducting experimental or descriptive studies. The following are a few methods for gathering primary data:

Observational Method: observation becomes a scientific instrument and a method of data collection for meeting the reqirments of the stakeholders like to meet the changing needs of the clients and rapid growth in technology. There are two types of it as follow:

(a )Structured (descriptive) and unstructured (exploratory) observation- A structured observation is one that is defined by the careful description of the units to be observed, the observer's style, the conditions of the observation, and the collection of relevant data for the observation. Due to this observation, the senior administrator or managers of banks  can make the adjustment for improving the effectiveness as well as the efficiency of the bank services delivery. When the characteristics aren't planned advance or aren't present. It's a called  unstructured observation.

 (b) Participant, Non-participant and disguised observation- Participant observation occurs when the observer acts as if he is a member of the community he is observing. This observation will be more benefical for bank administrator or managers to understand closely that how client actually experience their services  Non-participant observation happens when the observer observes without being a member of the group being observed. It is disguised observation if the observer observes in such a way that the people he is observing are unaware of his presence.

 

INTERVIEW METHOD: This method of data collection includes the presentation of oral verbal stimuli as well as a detailed analysis of oral-verbal responses.It can be accomplished in one of two ways:

(a) Personal interview: It necessitates the use of an interviewer( staff of bank) who will ask questions to the other person in a face-to-face environment. It can be Direct personal investigation, Indirect oral examination, Structured interviews, Unstructured interviews. The unstructured intervies will help bank department to make the equality because in this interviews, there will be no setup structure about who will join the interview. This interview will give the freedom to everyone to present their views about the services of bank.

 

(b) Telephonic interviews: It needs the interviewer (staff of bank)to gather information by calling respondents (stakeholders ) and asking questions or soliciting their views orally

 

Secondary data collection strategies:

Secondary data can be found in a variety of places by a bank to meet the stakeholder requirments. There are two types of secondary data: published and unpublished

Published Data is accessible in the following places:

⦁ Governmental publications

⦁ Technical and trade magazines.

⦁ Public documents

⦁ Documents that are either statistical or historical

Letters, diaries, unpublished biographies, and work may all contain unpublished data. The following characteristics must be evaluated before using secondary data for future of money by the banks:

⦁ Reliability of data: Who was in charge of gathering the information? What is the source of this information? Which tool should  use? Is it the right time?Is there a risk of bias? What is the concept of precision?

⦁ Suitability of data: The depth and essence of the initial inquiry must be studied, and then the findings must be carefully scrutinized.

⦁ Adequency:  If the degree of precision achieved in data is found to be insufficient, or if the data are linked to a region that is either narrower or broader than the scope of the current 

investigation, the data are deemed inadequate.

 

Qualitative data collection strategies:

Face to face personal Interviews: Because of its personal approach, this is considered the most popular data collection instrument for qualitative study. On a one-on-one and face-to-face interaction, the interviewer (the staff of bank) will gather data directly from the subject the interviewee (the clients of the bank).

Paper surveys or questionnaires: Questionnaires often have a format of short questions, and qualitative questionnaires are also open-ended, with respondents (clients of the banks) being asked to provide specific responses in their own terms. As a result, banks will get idea about how many people are living on poverty line and they can reduce poverty by delivering cost effective financial services to the poor people. For example, low interest rate spreads, avoid costly account fees

Quantitative data collection strategy:

Document Review

The banks can collect data after reviewing the current records of people because It is a cost-effective and reliable method of data collection because records are manageable and provide a realistic resource for collecting eligible data from the past. Due to this data, financial department of UN bank can estimate the poverty headcount ratio and then provide bank services to their clients on equality bases with low cost. For example, banks can provide the facility to their clients by taking the minimum fees on the international money transfer. This will be the effective step from financial department to make the equality in their customers.

Appropriate documented functionality 

As the solution prototype is to provide a service to bank customers that can allow them to withdraw money without the use of a card instead, they should be able to use their mobile banking to do the same. 

The goals or objectives of a project are defined with the help of certain requirements and the understanding of these requirements aids to determine the work area. Moreover, business and functional requirements support the project managers to forecast the progress and success ratio of the project. However, Business requirements come ahead of functional requirements. 

Business Requirements

These requirements should be clear, enough and should provide proper guidance to fulfill all the identified goals and objectives. To make the project realistic there would be high need to train bank staff about the offerings of the new service. To support spread of information, a detailed manual with some graphics can be made. Complete documentation of the project with the final report would be handed over to the UN bank for the successful completion of the project.  

We can provide some assumptions to help to achieve the desired goals.

Assumptions:

⦁ We assume that all customers know using ATMs.

⦁ Banking service is targeting individual customers.

⦁ The project management team is assumed to have enough knowledge to make the project successful.

⦁ One manager, one designer, four developers, and two testers are a part of the targeted project who work together for the successful completion of the project. 

⦁ The completion period of the project should be 6 months.

⦁ We assume that the new service to be offered is to be implemented through a mobile banking application and a tap reader is available at the ATMs.

⦁ Internet facility is always available at the time of testing.

Functional Requirements

As in the Functional requirements, we need to break down all the steps that are needed to accomplish all the business requirements. These requirements should be descripted and should be directed according to the needs or goals of business. Functionality requirements are comprehensive set of steps involved in the projects which can be illustrated as:

⦁ System analysis: This step represents the necessity of studying and analysing each part of the system in detail along with addressing existing problems.

⦁ Brainstorming: It includes the responsibilities of different team members involved in the project and all the prerequisites, benefits and the differences that the new service will offer to the UN bank.

⦁ Literature review: It composes of the research about the operating system of ATM of the UN bank and all the communication technology used in the bank.

⦁ Solution prototype: Along with a new service of doing card-less withdrawals, the UN bank will get a solution to increase the work efficiency of ATMs.

⦁ Case uses: This means that all the negative and positive outcomes of different situations need to be discussed with all the risk factors involved.

⦁ Application flow: In this step development stages of the application are discussed.

⦁ Usability test: Along with card-less withdrawal this solution prototype could be used for other situations as well and a usability test will be taken for this.

⦁ Integration test: This test will bring the testing of the entire system which will include a new feature.

⦁ SRS Documentation: This includes the documentation of the goals or objectives, functional and non-functional requirements, assumptions, constraints applied, and the interfaces required for the project.

⦁ Feasibility test: This study should be performed to assess the relevancy of the proposed plan.

⦁ Screen and web development: This will help to design the webpage for our service to be installed in the mobile banking of UN bank.

⦁ Testing: This step consists of a review and analysis of the proper functioning of the application.

 

User stories

User stories are brief descriptions of what is exactly needed out of the project. Basically, user stories are part of the Agile approach and this is highly preferred because these are simple and consistent and prioritizes requirements. Moreover, it helps to deliver the service which is highly demanded by the customers. User stories ensure the successful completion of projects. We have provided user stories as a part of the mind map which describes the viewpoint of different persons involved in the project. 

Mind Map

A clear problem statement to guide the solution process is Bank can use Business process Reengineering strategy which aimed to helps the organisations that they can rethink how they do their work to lauch a final improve customer service, cut operational costs, and become world class competitors. 

 solution prototype: The final product of the bank will be cradles withdrawl  of money like people can click on the cradles option at the ATM and can withdraw money by entering pin only or they can use their phone wallet for the same.