3 Sept 2024

Literary Analysis of Trifles by Susan Glaspell: Symbolism of the Birdcage and the Bird

Literary Analysis: The Symbolism of the Birdcage and the Bird in Trifles

Eng 102 - Dr. Fox - November 22, 2020

Trifles is a one-act play by Susan Glaspell that revolves around the death of John Wright. The play begins with the entry of four individuals into the house where the death occurred. This analysis focuses on the symbolism of the "Birdcage" and the "Bird" in the play.

Symbolism in Trifles

The birdcage symbolizes the oppressive nature of the relationship between John Wright and his wife, Minnie. The dead bird represents the stifling of Minnie's spirit by her husband's dominance. Minnie's life mirrors the trapped existence of the bird, as her desires and creativity were suffocated by John's controlling behavior.

Analysis of Key Scenes

When explaining the events leading up to John Wright's death to the County Attorney, Hale mentions that John was a man who valued peace and quiet above all. This suggests that John was averse to socializing and preferred a silent household, further indicating the control he exerted over Minnie.

Even after her arrest, Minnie was concerned about the fruit she had left in her cupboard, emphasizing her role as a housewife, restricted to domestic duties and stripped of personal freedom. Her concern for trifles reflects her oppressed state.

John's preference for silence was also evident in their childless marriage. Mrs. Hale's remark, "Wright wouldn't like the bird - a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that too," highlights the extent of John's control, which not only silenced the bird but also Minnie's once lively spirit.

Conclusion: The Fascist Nature of John Wright

John Wright's behavior can be seen as fascist, imposing his will on Minnie and destroying her creativity and spirit. The birdcage and the dead bird serve as powerful symbols of the oppressive environment that led to Minnie's eventual breaking point, culminating in the death of her husband.

References

Criminology Unit 1 Critical Review

 Criminology Unit 1 Critical Review 

1000  word critical review (1250 maximum word count).  Choose only one.

As part of the critical review you should complete 4 main tasks:

Criminology Unit 1 Critical Review
 Criminology Unit 1 Critical Review 


Summarise the main arguments of the text.

Consider the key evidence used to support the argument.

Highlight anything you think is missing or have not been considered by the text.

Demonstrate an awareness of the wider critiques of the work.   


  • Beccaria, C. (1764) Of Crime and Punishment, The Federalist Papers Project. Read pages 9-59. (Available through the electronic reading list)
  • https://www.thefederalistpapers.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Cesare-Beccaria-On-Crimes-and-Punishment.pdf


Voters Prefer Biden Over Trump on Almost All Major Issues

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Assignment Submission | Business & Crime - LLM 7006 M

Assignment Submission

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Student ID (UWIC ID and ICBT ID) UWIC ID:
ICBT ID:

Scheduled Unit Details

Unit Code LLM 7006 M
Unit Title Business & Crime

Assignment Details

Nature of the Assessment REPORT
Topic of the Case Study GIVEN
Learning Outcomes Covered YES
Word Count Refer Below
Due Date / Time As communicated in the assessment plan
Extension Granted? (For Office Use Only) Yes    No

Declaration

I certify that the attached material is my original work. No other person’s work or ideas have been used without acknowledgement. Except where I have clearly stated that I have used some of this material elsewhere, I have not presented it for examination/assessment in any other course or unit at this or any other institution.

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Marks by 1st Assessor
Name & Signature of the 1st Assessor
Agreed Mark
Marks by IV
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For Office Use Only (Hard Copy Assignments)

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For student use: Critical feedback on the individual progression towards achieving the assignment outcomes.

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Comments by the IV

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Business & Crime - LLM 7006 M

Assignment 1 & 2

Coursework (Individual) - 800 Words: Moot Preparation Documentation - 20%

Mooting - 3200 Words: Moot and Documentation - 80%

Learning Outcomes Covered

On successful completion of this module students will be expected to be able to:

  • Critically examine the nature of corporate criminality control
  • Undertake critical research of appropriate materials in order to evaluate that research in preparation for the moot.
  • Synthesise information in a manner that is innovative when preparing arguments in support of a given position.
  • Engage confidently in academic and professional communication with others.

Assessment of the Business and Crime in the LLM will be on a Moot Court:

The candidates have to be prepared to argue the case for the Appellant or Respondent on their choice.

Assignment - 1

Coursework (Individual) - 800 Words: Moot Preparation Documentation - 20%

At the end of the 5th week students have to submit a draft moot preparation document with a word limit of 1,200 words. The element of the assignment will carry 20% of total marks.

Assignment - 2

Mooting - 3200 Words (Individual document): Moot and Documentation

At the end of the module, a moot court will be conducted with the two module tutors and one external judge, which will carry the balance 80% of marks.

Mooting Instructions

  • A moot is a legal debate taking place in a mock courtroom setting.
  • The relevant module leader will create legal teams (maximum of 2 students).
  • Each team consists of an appellant and a respondent.
  • 20 minutes will be allocated for each team (10 minutes for the appellant and 10 minutes for the respondent).
  • The legal teams devise and present an argument based on the case study provided below.
  • Each team argues the points of law with a view to convincing the judge that the case of their client should succeed.
  • The judge of the moot weighs the arguments presented to him and passes judgment on the law.
  • Marks will be allocated for individual argument (40% weightage) and the relevant moot documentation (40% weightage) provided by the student.

Moot Court – Case Study

The Criminal Investigations Department has commenced investigations into the biggest ever financial fraud reported in Sri Lanka, amounting to a massive 700 million rupees. Several Sri Lankans, including a garment factory owner and his counterparts in Germany and Venezuela, are alleged to have conspired in this fraudulent deal.

According to CID sources, a Sri Lankan garment factory owner whose head office is located in Wellampitiya had registered a ghost company with the Registrar of Companies declaring that it is a sister company of a reputed insurance company in Venezuela. The garment factory owner had allegedly forged the signatures of the Chairman and Financial Controller of a Venezuelan insurance company to obtain the registration.

In stage two of this fraud, the garment factory owner had opened an account for the ghost company in a private bank in Sri Lanka. After the groundwork for the fraud was laid, the garment factory owner, with the aid of his accountant, had prepared a set of false documents requesting a German bank connected to the Venezuelan insurance company to transfer seven million US dollars to the garment factory owner's account in a Sri Lankan private bank, held in the name of the ghost company registered as a sister company of the Venezuelan insurance company. These documents being craftily prepared and identical to original documents, the German bank had transferred the money to the account in Sri Lanka.

The garment factory owner had then taken steps to withdraw the money in Sri Lanka stating that the Venezuelan company had paid him this money for the export of a consignment of vanilla. The garment factory owner had sought the Exchange Controller's approval to withdraw the seven million US dollars in Sri Lankan currency. Before authorising the release of funds, the Central Bank officials had instructed the private bank to check the authenticity of the documents presented for the withdrawal of funds and to determine how this person had received such a large sum of money. The private bank had released 400 million rupees to the garment factory owner without proper scrutiny of export documents ascertaining whether he had in fact exported vanilla to Venezuela to the value of 700 million rupees.

Central Bank, feeling suspicious about this transaction, had questioned the private bank about the transaction. Then the private bank had in turn conveyed their suspicions to the German bank, which initially transferred the money to Sri Lanka. The Venezuelan insurance company had then come to hear about the loss of their funds, and a special representative from the company had arrived in Sri Lanka and lodged a complaint with the CID about two months back. CID investigators have arrested the accountant of the garment factory who is alleged to have prepared the forged documents, and his statements have been recorded. When the CID raided the head office of the garment factory in Wellampitiya, they had unearthed several documents connecting the owner with the fraudulent financial transaction.

CID investigations have also revealed that this person has been involved in a similar fraud about two years ago. He has planned this fraud and started acting on it since the beginning of this year", the CID officer added. "Interpol assistance is also sought to crack down on all his international associates, and the case has been referred to the Attorney General as well”.

Marking Scheme

Mark Content Structure
95% - is publishable in a high-quality peer-reviewed academic journal without material revision. - is flawless (within a not infinite, but indefinite range of flawlessness).
90% - constitutes rare work of great insight;
- demonstrates substantial originality in reasoning and interpretation;
- contains no major flaws at any level.
- has no structural weaknesses of great consequence.
- integrates detail into a coherent whole;
- argues autonomously to a reasoned and logical conclusion;
- is supported throughout by appropriate and accurate language.
85% - applies the principles of the discipline to the issue(s) at hand in an original yet appropriate manner to produce a well-reasoned analysis, with conclusions carefully and effectively argued and supported;
- displays a deeper than normally expected understanding of theoretical nuances, particularly in their application;
- shows discernment in the use of germane literature base(s).
80% - demonstrates originality and depth in thinking and application;
- demonstrates a comprehensive familiarity with relevant theories, doctrines, and cases;
- shows familiarity with germane literature base(s).
70 - 75% - shows breadth of study and some originality in application;
- shows extensive knowledge and critical understanding of relevant theory, facts, and issues;
- is directly relevant to the issues to be addressed in the assignment.
60-69% - is sufficient, and relevant to issues being discussed;
- shows a good grasp of relevant theory, facts, and issues;
- reflects a critical understanding of a broad range of reading.
- reveals an attempt to create a coherent whole;
- attempts to guide reader through to a reasoned conclusion;
- is rarely affected by inappropriate or inaccurate language.
50-59% - is generally competent, and displays an adequate understanding of the issues to be addressed;
- is just sufficient to cover the subject, but has some irrelevancies;
- shows a satisfactory grasp of relevant facts and issues;
- shows adequate reading but little originality.
- links parts together but falls short of creating a coherent whole;
- does not always guide the reader and does not always provide a conclusion to the arguments deployed;
- is weakened in places by inappropriate or inaccurate language.
40-49% - does not fully cover the subject specified and/or is sometimes irrelevant;
- shows a weak grasp of relevant concepts, facts, and issues;
- suffers from inadequate reading and thinking.
- sometimes fails to link parts to each other;
- shows little regard for the reader and does not come to a justifiable conclusion;
- is weakened by inappropriate or inaccurate language.
0-39% - does not reflect any background reading;
- shows only superficial understanding (at best) of the relevant issues;
- relies uncritically on subjective personal opinion or hearsay.
- no attempt made to argue to a conclusion;
- written in the form of an unstructured monologue or narrative;
- shows little respect for the conventions of grammar.

Important Information for Students

  • The assignment should be uploaded on or before the deadline via ICBT Student Information System. The soft copy must be in word format ONLY.
  • Please log on to www.icbtsis.lk to upload your assignment. The username and the password will be sent shortly. Please await uploading instructions.
  • The soft copy should be named as LLM-(subject number) followed by the Cardiff met student ID. E.g., for Introduction to International Business: LLM-7001-2000000
  • Students are expected to keep a backup of all the assignments. ICBT and Cardiff Metropolitan University have all the right to recall the soft copy of any assignment at any time during the course.
  • Please note that plagiarism is treated as a serious offence and therefore the work you produce must be individual and original although you may work in groups in some instances (Please refer to the Student Handbook on Plagiarism & Cheating).
  • All sources of information must be referenced using “Harvard referencing” where a reference listing should be included at the end of the assignment.
  • Please note that the submission date given for this assignment is the final date that you can upload the assignment. No late submissions are allowed by the system. (Please refer to the Student Handbook on Assessments - Late Submissions).
  • Please refer to the Student Handbook on Assignments – Re-submission, mitigating circumstances procedure.
  • Please include the assignment coversheet in your answer. Please avoid copying the assignment question in your answer file.

The Economic Toll of Obesity: A Global Health Crisis

Introduction

Obesity, a growing global health epidemic, has far-reaching economic consequences that extend beyond individual health costs. This article delves into the multifaceted economic burden of obesity, examining its impact on individuals, national healthcare systems, businesses, and government policies.  

Individual Health Costs

Individuals with obesity often face significantly higher healthcare costs compared to those with a healthy weight. These costs can be attributed to increased medical expenses for treating obesity-related conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, individuals with obesity may require more frequent doctor's visits, medications, and specialized treatments, further contributing to their overall healthcare expenditures.  


The Economic Toll of Obesity: A Global Health Crisis
The Economic Toll of Obesity: A Global Health Crisis


National Healthcare Costs

The economic burden of obesity extends beyond individual costs and has a substantial impact on national healthcare systems. Governments worldwide allocate significant resources to address the treatment and prevention of obesity-related diseases. The rising prevalence of obesity has led to increased healthcare spending, straining budgets and diverting resources from other essential health services.  

Cost to Business and Lost Productivity

Obesity can also have a detrimental effect on businesses and the overall economy. Employees with obesity are more likely to experience absenteeism, reduced productivity, and increased healthcare costs, which can burden employers. Moreover, the economic impact of obesity-related diseases extends beyond lost productivity, as it can lead to early retirement and premature death, resulting in a loss of valuable human capital.  

Government Policies and Economic Implications

Government policies play a crucial role in addressing the obesity epidemic. Implementing effective policies to promote healthy lifestyles, improve access to nutritious foods, and create safe and supportive environments for physical activity can mitigate the economic burden of obesity. However, implementing such policies can be challenging and may require significant investments.  

Conclusion

The economic consequences of obesity are far-reaching and have a significant impact on individuals, healthcare systems, businesses, and governments worldwide. Addressing the obesity epidemic requires a multi-faceted approach that includes individual behavior change, public health interventions, and supportive policies. By investing in prevention and treatment efforts, governments can mitigate the economic burden of obesity and improve the overall health and well-being of their populations.  

Keywords: obesity, economic impact, healthcare costs, productivity loss, public health, health policy, global health crisis, overweight, non-communicable diseases, chronic diseases, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, lifestyle factors, socioeconomic factors, government policies, prevention strategies.


References

  • Canaway, A., Frew, E., Lancashire, E., Pallan, M., Hemming, K., Adab, P. and WAVES trial investigators, 2019. Economic evaluation of a childhood obesity prevention programme for children: Results from the WAVES cluster randomised controlled trial conducted in schools. PloS one, 14(7), p.e0219500.
  • Ding, Y., Fan, X., Blanchette, C.M., Smolarz, B.G., Weng, W. and Ramasamy, A., 2020. Economic value of nonsurgical weight loss in adults with obesity. Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy, pp.1-13.
  • Kim, Y., Cubbin, C. and Oh, S., 2019. A systematic review of neighbourhood economic context on child obesity and obesity‐related behaviours. Obesity Reviews, 20(3), pp.420-431.
  • Kim, Y., Lee, H. and Park, A., 2020. Adverse childhood experiences, economic hardship, and obesity: Differences by gender. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, p.105214.
  • Kuroki, M., 2016. Life satisfaction, overweightness and obesity. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(2).
  • Minos, D., Butzlaff, I., Demmler, K.M. and Rischke, R., 2016. Economic growth, climate change, and obesity. Current obesity reports, 5(4), pp.441-448.
  • Molyneaux, E., Pasupathy, D., Kenny, L.C., McCowan, L.M.E., North, R.A., Dekker, G.A., Walker, J.J., Baker, P.N., Poston, L., Howard, L.M. and SCOPE consortium, 2016. Socio-economic status influences the relationship between obesity and antenatal depression: data from a prospective cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, pp.124-127.
  • Newton, S., Braithwaite, D. and Akinyemiju, T.F., 2017. Socio-economic status over the life course and obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 12(5), p.e0177151.
  • Roche, M., Law, T.Y., Kurowicki, J., Rosas, S. and Rush III, A.J., 2018. Effect of obesity on total knee arthroplasty costs and revision rate. The journal of knee surgery, 31(1), p.38.
  • Sinha, I., Mondal, N. and Sen, J., 2018. Effects of socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle variables on overweight and obesity among rural Rajbanshi post-menopausal women of India. Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht uber die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur, 75(3), pp.251-262.
  • Soskolne, V., Cohen-Dar, M., Obeid, S., Cohen, N. and Rudolf, M.C., 2018. Risk and protective factors for child overweight/obesity among low socio-economic populations in Israel: a cross sectional study. Frontiers in endocrinology, 9, p.456.